Influence on Adolescent Consumer Learning

Presentation This paper gives an outline of two articles that address the subject of grown-up purchaser learning. The primary article takes a gander at the TV and relational impacts on pre-adult buyer learning while the subsequent article discusses family and media effects on immature purchaser learning.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Influence on Adolescent Consumer Learning explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Television and Interpersonal Influences The reason for this examination was to see how the social starting points of human conduct impacts the manner in which grown-ups act in different circumstances. To respond to the inquiries in the examination, the investigation utilized the socialization approach with an example size of 806 juvenile from 13 schools was utilized. Among the factors were age, birth request, and sex. As supported by Churchill and Moschis (23), it is basic for buyer instructors to acclimate themselves with purchaser social ization in order to create materials that can be utilized to furnish youthful young people with abilities for compelling socialization. The investigation offers a calculated system that might be useful in understanding the subject of buyer socialization. It likewise applies the general hypothetical and calculated thoughts of socializations to the particular setting of shopper socialization and exactly tests the subsequent model. The article additionally looks at how notices introduced through TV impact the young. To pundits, ad through TV impacts the young and prompts bothersome conduct. In any case, defenders are persuaded that it is guardians who shape the future conduct of the adolescent. Among different discoveries there means that financial status has no connection with family correspondence. This additionally applies on account of sex and friend training. The examination is a significant one as it assists with featuring the key issues that impact pre-adult conduct. By seeing h ow various elements influence the manner in which adolescents turn out when they proceed onward to adulthood, guardians can avoid potential risk to ensure and directing their kids viably. Family and Media Influences This paper investigates buyers gain information with respect to utilization of products and ventures. The impact of both family and media on this learning procedure is analyzed (Ward Wackman 415). Information from a past study comprising of 1,094 eight to twelfth graders in the Prince Georges County in Maryland framed the information for use in the examination. Self managed polls were circulated among respondents. Discoveries from this examination demonstrated that various types of customer learning change after some time. Contrasting both junior and senior secondary schools respondents demonstrated that no distinctions existed on a few models for learning. In any case, contrasts exist among junior and senior high respondents on almost every correspondence variable.Adver tising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, more youthful teenagers will in general take part in more correspondence and are in this manner bound to watch advertisements for the reasons for socialization not at all like more seasoned young people. Also, more youthful young people were found to observe more TV than more established teenagers and they talk more with their folks in regards to the subject of utilization. The investigation additionally showed that albeit more youthful and more established young people might be at a similar level as far as shopper learning, the two gatherings contrast in the manner in which they learn. Moreover, it developed that review of TV promoting by and large shows a consciousness of topics and trademarks of American organizations and purchaser items. An assessment of perspectives towards TV publicizing showed that social explanations b ehind survey ads and the time spent staring at the TV. The examination is significant as it encourages specialists to see how purchasers are influenced by family cooperations and broad communications. The example was additionally isolated into middle school understudies and senior secondary school understudies. From discoveries of the investigation, there is a need to incorporate purchaser learning among the more youthful and more seasoned young people. Additionally, various gatherings of factors influence shopper adapting in an unexpected way. Works Cited Churchill, Gilbert and Moschis, George 1979, Television and Interpersonal Influences on Adolescent Consumer Learning, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Jun., 1979), pp. 23 †35. Ward, Scott and Wackman, Daniel, Family and Media Influences on Adolescent Consumer Learning, American Behavioral Scientist, 1971, 14: 415 †427. This paper on Influence on Adolescent Consumer Learning was composed and put together by client Aylin Hester to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Malignant Hyperthermia free essay sample

Clinical signs are; Increased end flowing CO2 creation which is an early sign, tachycardia, tachypnea, trunk or complete body unbending nature, masseter (jaw) muscle inflexibility after succinylcholine which happens regularly in kids, checked temperature rise (possibly a late sign), respiratory and metabolic acidosis, myoglobinuria(MHAUS, 2011). Whenever left untreated the patient will encounter heart failure, kidney disappointment, blood coagulation issues, inner drain, and potentially passing (slideshare, 2010) Nursing Assessment Medical attendants dealing with careful patients must be educated in regards to MH so they can recognize clinical signs and indications right off the bat, its new treatment, and have the option to react expeditiously and suitably. Preoperative evaluation by medical attendants are significant in recognizing the patient, who could be at high hazard for Malignant Hyperthermia, so MH activating operators can be abstained from during sedation. Case of inquiries to pose to help screen for MH helplessness are (AORN 2012): 1. Has anybody at any point disclosed to you that you had a â€Å"bad† response to sedation? 2. We will compose a custom exposition test on Threatening Hyperthermia or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Has anybody at any point revealed to you that you or your relative had an issue with sedation? . Have you or a relative encountered a high fever while under sedation? 4. Has anybody at any point let you know or a relative they made some troublesome memories opening your jaw during general sedative? 5. Has anybody in your family passed on suddenly in the working room? 6. Have you or anybody in your family experienced sunstroke or warmth stroke bringing about hospitalization? 7. Have you at any point seen dull â€Å"cola-colored† pee after a general sedative or subsequent to encountering a warmth related ailment? Rewarding MH Dantrolene IV is the main medication accessible in the market to treat Malignant Hyperthermia. It is hard to blend and is tedious to reconstitute. It comes in yellowish shaded powder that when completely blend in with non-bacteriostatic sterile water, the shading remains the equivalent. The new brand Dantrium IV (dantrolene sodium for infusion) blends in only 20 seconds (MHAUS, 2011). In any case, this isn't what we have loaded in our truck. As indicated by MHAUS (2011), dantrolene smothers the misrepresented ascent in muscle cell calcium that appears to trigger MH by authoritative to the calcium direct site in muscle that is mindful both for calcium discharge and, likely, calcium section into the cell. Dantrolene may cause critical muscle shortcoming in patients with previous muscle ailment and ought to be utilized with extraordinary alert in those patients. At the point when utilized with calcium channel blockers (verapamil or diltiazem), dantrolene may create hazardous hyperkalemia and myocardial melancholy. When a patient has been effectively rewarded for 36 hours with intravenous dantrolene, he/she might be changed to oral dantrolene until the CK or Creatine Kinase level is inclining down and there is no additional proof of acidosis or hypermetabolism and temperature spikes. A suggested 36 vials be loaded. Rewarding Malignant Hyperthermia emergency is a mind boggling nature, and it includes a few staff individuals. The main activity in case of suspected MH emergency is to enlist additional staff. The accompanying advances are layout by job (MHAUS, 2011): The specialist should stop or complete the technique as quickly as time permits. The sedation supplier stops inward breath operators; quits warming cover; increment minute ventilation; embeds esophageal temp test; embeds NG tube for lavage varying; regulates dantrolene IV; embeds a blood vessel line; draws blood for science, ck, coagulation, ABG. Whenever crested T waves on ECG, manages calcium then glucose and insulin. On the off chance that T waves are not topped and arrhythmia present, infuses bicarbonate. The coursing medical caretaker acquires MH truck; blends dantrolene dependent on 2. 5 mg/kg with 60 ml of non-bacteriostatic sterile water, rehash portion until the signs are controlled. The circling medical caretaker should report the occasion. A subsequent medical caretaker help with blending dantrolene and hands syringe to sedation supplier. A third attendant gets crisis crash truck; places urinary catheter; help with drawing blood or with other undertaking. A fourth medical attendant acquires plastic sacks with ice and cold IV liquids; places ice packs on uncovered parts like crotch, axilla, and neck (without bargaining sterility); frosted saline lavage of any open body holes, for example, the stomach, bladder, or rectum. Cold I. V. liquids are regulated utilizing 0. 9% sodium chloride, yet Lactated Ringer’s is stayed away from with the goal that acidosis isn't exacerbated (Martin, 2009). Quit cooling estimates when temperature tumbles to 38 °C (MHAUS, 2011). A covered duplicate of MHAUS dantrolene measurement outline is situated on MH truck to limit valuable time squandered in computing dose per kilogram. When patient is balanced out, move patient to ICU or call move community for a new exchange to UH Case SICU or ED. Knowing your Role All staff engaged with the MH emergency reaction should direct a questioning gathering as ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances. Focuses to consider including (AORN, 2012): 8. Was the MH truck enough loaded and quickly accessible? 9. Were sufficient staff individuals accessible to deal with the emergency adequately? 10. When staff individuals reacted, would they say they knew about undertaking expected in MH emergency? 11. Was MHAUS properly informed? 12. Do staff individuals have different thoughts regarding arranging care for a future MH emergency? 3. Has an underlying driver examination been done (MH is viewed as a sentinel occasion)? Staff Competency By utilizing the mannequin as our patient, and blending the terminated dantrolene from MHAUS, perioperative staff did genuinely well during the MH mock drill reenactment by foll owing through with the normal jobs. MH drill ought to be held in any event quarterly to enable perioperative staff to rehearse early acknowledgment of MH emergency and acceptable behavior in like manner. MH drill likewise improve OR (working room) group coordination and gives chances to serve in every one of the four jobs referenced (Martin, 2009). Counteraction Early recognition of clinical signs and side effects of MH, knowing your job and a brief reaction to this new emergency can spare your patient’s life. MH emergency counteraction is the key and the best treatment you can give to your patient. Information about MH is an unquestionable requirement for medical attendants dealing with a patient previously, during and after usable consideration. Furnished with this information, you can have any kind of effect in your patient’s lives.

Value Line Publishing Background Info Essays - Economy, Business

Worth Line Publishing Background Info Essays - Economy, Business Worth Line Publishing Background Info Carrie Galeotafiore: investigator for Value Line Publishing. Worth Line Publishing is a speculation review firm. EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit) evaluated 2001 U.S. retail assembling gracefully industry at $175 bil. Split btwn 3 retail designs: equipment stores(15% of deals), lumberyards(34%), and bigger organization home centers(51%). Industry was overwhelmed by Home Depot and Lowes They had in excess of 33% of all out industry deals. Inside the previous 5 years, 1136 new stores. Future development openings: obtaining/solidification, proficient market, universal extension, elective retail arranges, elective items, and no holds barred rivalry. Securing/solidification: 1999: Lowe's obtained a distribution center configuration chain named Eagle Hardware which had 38 stores. $1.3 bil exchange. Home Depot has gained Apex Supply, Georgia Lighting, N-E Thing Supply Company, and Your Other Warehouse. Proficient Market The two chains need to draw in proficient customer bases all the more effectively. To do as such, they are loading stock in bigger amounts, giving workers higher preparing, just as conveying proficient brands. Home Depot made Home Depot Supply and the Ace Stores to connect with the little expert market. Global development Home Depot obtained a Canadian home-improvement retailer Aikenhead in 1994 which built up a universal nearness. Likewise focused on the $12.5 bil home-improvement showcase in Mexico by securing Mexican chains TotalHOME and Del Norte. In 2002, Lowe's didn't have a global nearness. Elective retail organizes The two chains have online stores that offer plan and enlivening tips. Elective Products The two chains were venturing into establishment administrations. Home Depot was at present at $3 bil for their at-home business No holds barred comp Generally, Home Depot concentrated on metropolitan zones while Lowe's centered around provincial zones. So Lowe's is growing to metro territories. Home Depot's new CEO, Bob Nardelli, needs to concentrate on upgrading turnover and store productivity through progressing framework speculations. Issue: Home Depot had gone under analysis for declining client support. Arrangement: Nardelli needs to assist representatives with concentrating on their clients while the store is open and just restock the racks while they are shut. Home Depot expected fire up development to be 15% to 18% through 2004. Lowe's administration asserted they would keep up their business development of 18% to 19%. Lowe's intended to open 123 stores in 2002, 130 out of 2003, and 140 out of 2004. Issue: Donald Trott, examiner at Jeffries, minimized Lowe depends on a gauge of a collapsing lodging market bubble and a view in regards to an organization's stock cost was lavishly evaluated comparative with Home Depot's. Arrangement: Galeotafiore countered that Lowe's had now indicated that it could contend viably with Home Depot. She expected there to be progressing improvement in deals and gross edges.

Responsible Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mindful Management - Essay Example It is significant for each association to think about the social, financial and ecological frameworks in which it is working. Over the long haul the organizations build up a drawn out vision for their business alongside satisfying their duties towards the general public which can support their improvement in the economy (Albareda, 2008; Crane et al., 2008). Due thought of the earth in which the association is working will assist with guaranteeing that all the elements of the association are directed in the correct viewpoint and in a moral way. At the point when an association acknowledges its contribution in controlling the monetary assets of the general public, the administration will naturally be responsible to the general public about the benefits utilized. This degree of responsibility should be led on reasonable grounds and in an earnest way by the association. Indeed, even in situations where the association faces misfortunes, it should at present keep up its responsibility and not enjoy any bogus practices or reasons. So as to assist administrations with satisfying their social duties a few models have been proposed and one such idea is the ‘Triple Bottom Line’ (TBL) (Park and Stoel, 2005). The presentation of this idea went about as a vehicle for appropriate and away from of the corporation’s ecological, monetary and social execution (Ketola, 2009). Exhibitions identified with the earth and social concerns can be observed with the assistance of this idea. TBL has developed in notoriety as it helps an association in deciding the degree to which it is effectively meeting its duties towards the network. The idea of TBL has provided a guidance to the administration in building up the objectives and goals of the association as indicated by its business condition. By following the rules indicated in the

Definition Essay Topics For College

Definition Essay Topics For CollegeDefinition essay topics for college are a great way to make sure that you get your work out there and get the attention that you need. If you've ever thought about writing one, you know how easy it is to put it off until you're sure you have a good idea of what you want to say. But you'll be surprised at just how many questions you'll get once you start writing.The biggest thing is getting your college admission into college. And if you can do that in the first place, you'll be fine. But if you don't, then you need some quick tips. Here are some of the questions that you will get asked while writing your definition essay topics for college.Some people find that they need to write their college admission essays before they do anything else. This may not apply to you, but it's still worth knowing. Because if you write them before your applications or after, you may wind up with an essay that is already filled with keywords that you don't care about. S o don't try to cram everything in there, even if you do have to do it soon. Instead, wait until you've finished your application.One of the most important steps is to decide on the topic for your essay. This should be something that you know about. It could be something that you've thought about or something that you have thought about. After all, that's the whole point of having one! But remember that you may want to keep it on a lighter note, as this will be your introduction to the subject.But of course, that doesn't mean that you can't find other topics for your essay topics for college. And that's okay too. Just make sure that you avoid any of the following things.Writing your essay topics for college can sometimes be like walking down the street, a small breeze passing by, and a speeding car breaking through the line of traffic. You need to have an introduction to that topic to get it started. And this could be anything from a short personal story, to something that describes your own life, to an insightful thought. You need to make sure that your introduction is an introduction, not a one-sentence summation.As with most things, in-depth essays are best written in a more abstract form. You may need to be more specific than you would be if you were doing an outline for college admission. But you have to make sure that it's succinct and that it fits in with the rest of your essay topics for college.If you have a good idea of what you want to say, your definition essay topics for college will come out much better than they would without you knowing. There are some great ones that will prove to be perfect for your needs.

The New Kind of Capitalism Needs Book Review - 275 Words

The New Kind of Capitalism that Serves Humanity's Most Pressing Needs (Book Review Sample) Content: Book DiscussionNameInstitution"Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism that Serves Humanityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Most Pressing Needs" by Muhammad YunusIntroductionIn his book, "Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism that Serves Humanityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Most Pressing Needsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Yunus explains how social business has transformed from theory to an exciting practice, embraced by top corporations, social activists and entrepreneurs across South America, Asia, Europe and the US. He shows how social business change lives; presents practical assistance for people who want to build personal social businesses; enlightens how public and company policies must adjust to give room for the social form of business; and illustrates reason social business maintains the possibility of redeeming the failed promise of free-market venture. Yunus defines a social business as a free-loss, Non-dividend enterprise created to deal with a social goal in the highly contro lled marketplace existing today. It is different from a non-profit enterprise since the business should seek out to make a modest turnover however this can employed in expanding the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s network, enhance the product and service progress or means to sponsor the social undertaking.When and where the research was conducted?This book, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Building Social Business" is one of many examples of business concepts to eradicate poverty by improving the worth of the underprivilegedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s motivation to work and by creating self-sustaining and effective answers to most pressing needs. The author uses his experiences as initiator of Grameen Bank which is one of the first microfinance companies to articulate social business issues. From late 1970s Grameen Bank has been processing small credit to entrepreneurs in poorest places of his country Bangladesh. To drive the points home Yunus he puts his experience in this most recent publication. However, Yunus should be ap plauded since lending activities have now extended worldwide.In his publication, Yunus demonstrates how child malnutrition could be tackled by concealing critical micronutrients in a enjoyably flavored yogurt called Grameen Danone; he goes ahead to explain how inexpensive shoes for the rural people referred to as Grameen Adidas fight worm infections; how health services could be provided for cataract surgery at a prepaid fee for people losing their eyesight which is termed as Grameen Health Care. Yunus maintains that have discovered a new type of social business in the sphere of non-profit businesses started with the aim of answering the needs of the poor. He is cautious to differentiate it from profit making capitalism, communism, cooperatives, government, socialism, charity and corporate social responsibility. He maintains intellectual property rights on microloans, even though Accion International came first before Grameen Bank by more than one decade. With an intellectual mix of donations and profit motivation Accion formed businesses such as MiBanco, BancoSol and Compartamos, which have fully grown more dynamically than Grameen Bank, mainly because, they did not adamant on opposing profits or group lending.Kinds of people the author studiedAs a pioneer in the world of banking, specializing in microcredit Yunus has learnt a lot about investors. He explains that social business in his native Bangladeshi is an oxymoron as a business where making money comes first with the aim of sucking money out of customer as much as possible. Since he has a bank which deals with investors he has most of the issues at his finger tips. He claims a new business has embraced has approach in which social-benefit-maximizing ventures and profit-maximizing ventures coexist. Besides, a social business would function more like a profit-maximizing enterprise in that the entire organization grows economically and increases profits. He also talks about Social Marketing, Social Entrepr eneurism Corporate Social Responsibility, NGOs, and different new sorts of organizations that are emerging. The only disparity is that the business's shareholders and investors may be re-accruing their initial venture rather than receiving dividends. He also studied and explained social entrepreneurship, charity organizations, Social enterprise, non-governmental organizations, and non-profit organizations maintaining they are not the similar. He the author also studied the capitalists and therefore addresses some of the primary limitations of capitalism which he says all are familiar with when people make out profits by exploiting customers and when people cannot explain their success of unsustainable growth for instance, from environmental damage, labor abuses etc. he claims capitalism also does not offer solutions to poverty since poor people do not enough profit from it.Kind of social inequality the author addressesAreas of social inequality that the author addresses in his book include social goods and service, Property rights, Healthcare and Housing. Social inequality exists since their the lack of wealth in particular areas excludes these people from acquiring the same housing, health care, etc. as the wealthy, in areas where access to these social goods relies heavily on wealth (capitalism). Over the last decade Yunus has realized how micro lending has led to wealth creation in various spheres of businesses, whose aim is social good as opposed to profit. He terms it "social businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . He addresses the concerns of capitalism which he claims is profit oriented even when people are exploited by the business owners. He also states that most people carrying out capitalism cannot explain their economic success from unsustainable growth which is marred by factors such as environmental damages and labor abuses. To life the lives of his country men, Yunus founded Grameen Bank which is one of the first microfinance companies. His intention was offe r practical assistance by giving out small credit to entrepreneurs who want to build personal social businesses.He also demonstrated how poverty and multi nutrition could be tackled by micronutrients in an enjoyably flavored yogurt called Grameen Danone. Social inequality and poverty have direct impacts on the social, mental and physical well-being of people. It is therefore essential to note that social inequality and poverty are closely related. Those who live in disadvantaged societies, where exist under-funded social and physical infrastructure, undergo poor health, resulting to miserable life of lower socio-economic class. The impacts of social inequality also spill over into community causing multi nutrition, frustration, poverty and poor health conditions. With this in mind, his bank initiative has come up with certain measures to solve these underlying issues. Yunus goes ahead to explain how inexpensive shoes for the rural people referred to as Grameen Adidas fight worm infe ctions; how health services could be provided for cataract surgery at a prepaid fee for people losing their eyesight which is termed as Grameen Health Care.He further discusses notion on what social concerns an individual might try to solve by means of social business. Some common situations include hunger, poverty, healthcare, disease and pollution. While giving solution to major problems like the ones mentioned above may not be achieved, Yunus advises that individuals should start small with clearly defined plans. Offering employment, for instance, to six people is a very practical objective for an entrepreneur who aims at starting new social business. Yunus, in a few words, looks for ways of reducing poverty by putting up self-sufficient businesses with an aim of generating social benefits, rather than maximizing profits. He's ready to point out that great problems present great opportunity. Yunus thinks that social business has the capability of reversing current situations of s ocial inequality by getting the poor to the normal economic system. He believes it can change society by possibly ending poverty in the near future.Which questions the author tries to answer?Yunus offers authentic insight into universal poverty and a unique viewpoint on the means in which social businesses can exist side by side with traditional enterprises to eradicate poverty and enhance the lives of the "citizens of the world." He also presents several ideas, together with nuts-and-bolts realistic advice for individuals who are ready to enter into the social business world. In the coming years, it seems assured that social business will turn out to be an integral part of the economic formation and will positively transform the lives of several people." the pioneer Yunus enlightens how he thinks social enterprise can cash in what he considers as the futile promises of free markets." Yunus takes it as a great concern to explain the idea, tackling several questions he often gets bo ut social business.He claims it is different from a normal enterprise in that all profits are taken back into the enterprise to generate additional social benefit, as opposed to paying profits out as dividends to owners or investors. He evaluates Social Business to several other endeavors and sorts of companies committed to building social good. For instance, unlike charities, Social Business is financially self-sufficient, not having to dedicate key resources to receiving donations. It is eye-catching for individuals who wish to support social courses because the funds they put into a social business they receive them back, and could be re-invested in order to receive extra social returns. In general Yunus answers the question of what might develop into a major shift in how capitalism works. Social Business seals a significant gap created by capitalism while it can also coexist alongside it.What I liked about the bookDespite of the tone coming from the book, I consid...

Energy Demands Alternative Energy Resources - 1368 Words

Can growing energy demands be met safely and efficiently? My talk today is about energy especially about energy demands. What is energy? In physics, energy is defined as the capacity to do work. This capacity is very important to our daily lives, business, and education and even for the national security. This is why it is so important for world to meet the growing demands of the energy. According to Global future studies research stated that there are 1.3 billion people are living without electricity today, which is 20% of total population and that 2 billion of population, is expected to be added to world population between now and 2050. Moreover, countries like BRICS (Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, China, South Africa) under rapid growth†¦show more content†¦(Economic Watch, 2010) Moreover, the one of the most developed country United Kingdom also dependent 85% of their energy consumes on fossil fuels. (Quaker Peace Social Witness, 2013) Those two examples is the indicator that telling us how much our economy is heavily dependent o n fossil fuels. It is a well-known fact that fossil fuel reserves are not infinite and this heavily dependent on limited fossil fuel is the one of key reason that boost the apprehension of that we might not able to meet the demands of the energy. However, luckily the world trend is heading to decrease dependency on fossil fuels. For instance, according to the International Energy Agency it identified that demand of bio fuels has been growth steadily from 16 billion liters in 2000 to 100 billion liters in 2011. (International Energy Agency) In addition, there are alternative power resources rather than biofuels to substitute fossil fuels such as Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Power, Wind Energy, Geothermal Energy, Hydroelectricity and etc. Lastly, the development of technology can be a breakthrough to meet the growing demand energy. 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The Roles of Culture, Subculture, and Social Class in...

Principles of Marketing The Roles of Culture, Subculture and Social Class in Consumer Behavior Introduction The depth and variety of global expansion strategies today is accelerating rapidly as companies historically who have been highly effective in marketing, selling and service look to new nations to continue growing sales and profits. The roles of culture, subcultures and social classes serve as the framework for gaining new access into foreign markets. The effect of cultural distances in the areas of cultures, subcultures and social classes has also led all companies to become more agile and market-driven versus being locked into their own processes and procedures (Moon, Park, 18). Global expansion ahs forced companies to recognize the critically important role culture, subculture and social class all play in the context of planning, executing, monitoring and modifying marketing strategies over time. As there is an abundance of research on how these three aspects of a given nation or region affect marketing strategies, often forcing them to become much more sensitive to regional relig ious and moral priorities and considerations (Lu, Rose, Blodgett, 94). Cultural, subculture and social class are also the boundaries of effective services marketing strategies as well, as each of these areas must be considered in creating a unique value proposition that resonates with trust. The ability to create customer loyalty in a foreign nation begins by understanding andShow MoreRelatedFactors that influence consumer buying behavior1747 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence consumer buying behavior There are a lot of subjects for marketers to understand in order to get more customers purchasing their companies’ products or brands. Consumer buying behavior is one of the studies that marketers need to understand. 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Essay on Women in Violent Relationships - 1012 Words

What is Love? Webster’s dictionary defines love as a strong, deep affection. Many of those who are or have been in love can definitely agree with that. My definition for love is all of earth’s surroundings that make one feel good or happy; to me, love is not just love towards another, but it is also love towards something beyond. Everyone knows that love is a beautiful thing to experience: it feels like all the happiness in the world is in your hands and you could never be happier. But what happens, coming from a woman’s perspective, when your husband uses that love as a weapon against you? What if he raised his hands against his woman, bruising his hands so that they started to swell up? Well, that is the case in many women’s lives around†¦show more content†¦She sees that he has a well-paying job that keeps a roof over their heads and food in their stomachs, or, that they have kids together. The only reason she lives with her hopeless plight is because she wants her children to grow up with a father figure still in their lives. Author Rabbi Julius Gordon once said, â€Å"Love is not blind, it sees more, not less. But because it sees more, it is willing to see less.† But doesn’t love if it wants to see less, cause itself to be blind? In my opinion, it does. Because her love overlooks all the wrong he’s doing, it is choosing to be blind. But is not love supposed to be beautiful? Is not love supposed to make someone happy? If so, why are so many women pulling back from getting help and from doing something about their situations as victims? Many of these unfortunate women know what the outcome would be if they tried to do something about their situations. For a battered woman, because she knows what will happen, she chooses to turn away from seeking help. Women in situations like these are neglecting to see the truth. Love is blind if the person in love is refusing to see the things that are going wrong o r hurting the relationship. In the Holy Bible, 1 Corinthians, Chapter 13 verse 6, states, â€Å"It (love) does not rejoice in wrongdoing, but rejoices in the truth.† On cable TV there is a channel called Lifetime Movie Network; for those who do not know, it is a woman’s movie channel. Here they show many moviesShow MoreRelatedWomen in Violent Relationships1484 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen immense efforts to expand knowledge about the experiences women have endured in violent relationships. The emergence of internal, external risk factors, correlates, and causes of intimate partner violence has increased rapidly in recent decades. Although there has been a rise in many supportive groups, there are still various barriers that exist and prohibit women from seeking help to detach themselves from a violent relationship. 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Reason Domestic violences occurs when the abuser wanting to rule their other half because they have low self-esteem, easily jealous, struggling to control anger and other strongRead MorePsychological And Emotional Effects Of Domestic Violence986 Words   |  4 Pages In 2 out of 3 women homicide cases, they are killed by a family member or intimate partner. Domestic violence is typically the aggressive or violent behavior in a household that involves the physical abuse of a spouse or partner. Physical abuse is one of the major ways men control the behavior of women. More than 4 million women experience physical assault and rape by their partners. The abuser may also do other acts of violence such as psychological and/or emotional abuse thatRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1183 Words   |  5 PagesEverything was so perfect in the beginning, and then it all went downhill from there. Everyone in a homebound affiliation is at risk of obtaining a violent status. 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Trend in International Business Environment - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Trend in International Business Environment. Answer: Introduction The economic framework in the global framework, over the years, has experienced significant dynamics and modifications in the last few decades, which in turn can be attributed to the economic and global phenomena occurring in different corners of the world. The global economic environment, over the past decades has become more integrated and inclusive owing to economic phenomena like Globalization, Liberalization of economic environment of the major countries and increasing scopes of setting up commercial and political relations among the different countries across the world. This immense dynamics in the global economy have direct implications on the business and commercial environment across the world, which has also been subjected to immense modifications relating to the changing patterns of operations of businesses in different parts of the world. Over the years, the main incentive of doing business, globally, has remained the same, that is of acquiring maximum profit and economic prospects as well long term sustainability in their operations. However, the mode of operations in the business organizations and the work culture have significantly changes over the years, catering to the needs of the situations and facilitated by the inventions and development of technologies and provisions which makes the process of doing business easy, convenient, cost saving and time effective. The changes in the work culture and global business environment includes multi-dimensional domains like the way in which the employees interact, the communications among different participants in the businesses, production methods, management of businesses and others to name a few. With a more integrated international commercial environment and with increasing number of businesses going global, these changes have become inevitable and have been facilitate d by facilities like internet, which makes communication across the world extremely easy. Taking this aspect into consideration, many business organizations are undergoing radical changes in their workplace arrangements, which includes introduction of new practices like that of hot-desking, stand-up and corridor meetings, home offices and others to make their operations more dynamic and cost and time effective. The concerned report tries to discuss these new methods taken by the business organizations in the contemporary periods, in details. The report also emphasizes on analyzing the need for introduction of the same, the motivation behind the same and tries to analyze whether the companies, implementing such methods are getting added advantages and desired benefits over those who still stick to the conventional methods of doing business. For the purpose of doing the same the report tries to conduct an extensive review of the literatures and scholarly works which are present regarding aspects, thereby comparing and discussing the learned opinions prevailing across the wo rld regarding this aspect, taking into account the empirical evidences and examples relevant to the same. Dynamics in the Global Business Environment To understand the evolution and implementation of radical changes in the workplace operations by the different enterprises across the world, it is of immense importance to understand the trends prevailing in the global business environment and the evolution of the same over the years. There exists different opinions regarding the concept of the global business environment of which the one put forward by Wild, Wild and Han (2014), seems to be robust and inclusive. The authors define the concept of the international business environment as the open forum in which the commercial transactions (both public and private) takes places between the relevant organizations of different countries. Over the years, with the integration of the leading economies of the world, attributed to phenomena like Globalizations, Liberalizations, Free Trade Agreements and inter-country migration and usage of labor and other resources of production, there has been a significant increase in the number of enterpr ises and countries actively operating under the domain of international business environment. There are several contributing factors, according to the literary evidences to the expansion of operations in the global business environment, with more and more companies going global. The primary ones, as found to be asserted by different scholarly opinions are discussed in the following sections. Reasons behind the increase in operations of enterprises in international business Casson (2013) in his working paper briefly discussing about the evolution of the global business environment, elaborates about the primary reasons behind the continuously expanding domain of international business and inclusion of more organizations as participants in the same. The primary ones put forward by the author are as follows: Increasing innovations and progress in technological aspects, which facilitates in integrating the global economy and making overseas operations of businesses convenient and time saving Increase in easy transport globally and the fall in the cost of overseas travel has also facilitated commercial enterprises to increase their domain of operations in countries other than their home country With communication getting easier, mainly due to the invention and increased usage of internet, it becomes easier for the organizations to connect instantly with any corner of the world, which in turn helps them in controlling their business operations in different countries from a remote place of operations The views of Casson are strongly supported by many other authors including Verbeke (2013), who adds to the arguments by adding the aspects of change in consumption and life style patterns of people across the world. This in turn has changed the global consumption patterns massively, thereby making the business environment more inclusive as well as competitive. Given this situation and the ease of doing international business, more companies are expanding their domain of operations globally The arguments put forward by the authors in the above section, emphasizes on the fact that over the years the operational framework of the business organizations have changed massively, with most of them going global and venturing in more than one domain of operations, thereby making their production and supply of products and services multi-dimensional. This in turn, as argued by Putnam and Mumby (2013), indicates towards the need for change and improvisations in the modes of operations within these business enterprises, which also includes the workplace arrangements, such that the resources present with the companies can be optimally used and the production can be maximized. Changes in the workplace arrangements with time There are many opinions regarding the fact that over the years the commercial organizations have been modifying their workplace arrangements significantly and incorporating new means in doing the same, the changes being radical in many instances. Christensen and Schneider (2015), have argued in this aspect asserting that over the years the usual commercial workplaces have undergone considerable changes in the pattern of operating with the inclusion of new ways of working by the employees in these organizations. However, the authors have not elaborated on the measures and new age working methods which are being adopted by these organizations in this aspect and have only discussed about the evolution of business workplaces across the world over time. Coenen and Kok (2014), augments the arguments put forward by the former authors, regarding the evolution of commercial workplaces with time and the new arrangement adopted by them in the global scenario. According to the authors, to cater to the changes in the demand as well as supply patterns, the operations and production activities of the companies have been experiencing significant changes, which includes radical workplaces changes like implementation of work from home, hot-desking, corridor and stand-up meetings, space sharing, flexible work shifts and others. These new age workplace arrangements, as opined by different scholars, are put forward in the following sections. New Workplace Arrangements Over the last few decades, the conventional concept of workplace, that is of several people sitting in a room, at same place and working for a fixed duration daily, doing several pre-assigned jobs, has changed considerably. The businesses going global and multi-dimensional, the organizations are venturing in many industries and domain of operations, which in turn have led them to relax the conventional working norms and work cultures and implement flexibilities in the same to utilize the resources present with them as far as possible and find new channels to reap profits by finding new ways of utilizing their full capacities. The new changes, often implemented in the workplace arrangements are as follows: Work From Home One of the current workplace arrangement changes which are increasingly taken into account by the business organizations across the world, in many industries, is the practice of home office or working from home. Bloom (2014), elaborately discusses the concept of working from home as the method of operations, especially adopted by the different commercial organizations across different parts of the world, where the employees of the company can perform their professional activities without being present at the work location during the normal business timings. This implies that an employee can work independently from home, without staying electronically connected to the team or the employer, during the business hours. Motivations behind implementation of working from home Bridgman (2016), discusses the expected benefits of the implementation of working from home in the contemporary commercial scenario, which motivates the organizations to implement the same. These motivating reasons according to the author are as follows: The first benefit of introducing the practice of working from home, as per the assertions of the author, is that it is expected to increase the productivity of the employees by saving time and effort to travel to the workplace, this being especially true for those employees who stay far from their offices. Another argument in favor of the same is that this practice helps the employers to cut the overhead costs of making provisions for the employees within the office to a considerable level, thereby increasing the cost effectiveness in their production operations. Kruse (2018), puts forward another motivating factor behind the incorporation of work from home practices in the current business scenario across the world, which is the aspect of less distraction, less stressed environment and working in the quieter atmosphere, which is expected to increase the productivity of the employees, thereby benefitting the employers in the long run, in terms of profitability. Another crucial aspect of the need for implementing the working from home practices in the commercial domain, as put forward by Klein and Myrdal (2013), is that from the perspective of female workers. As has been rightly put forward by the authors and supported by many other scholarly evidences including that of Slaughter (2015), the work force participation of women have increased significantly over the years, with increasing scopes of education and skill development of women. However, in spite of their increasing participation in different commercial arena, across the world, the women workforce still faces the problem of trading off between their work and household responsibilities, especially after their marriage and child birth. According to the authors, this leads to immense lay-offs and resignation of the female employees in many organizations, thereby affecting the welfare of the employees as well as the profitability of the enterprises negatively. However, with the implementation of work from home practices, the authors argue that this problem can be combated to a considerable extent, as the female employees will no longer have to trade off between work and child rearing and can maintain a perfect work life balance. This may also help the male employees in the same aspects. This in turn can help the business organizations in terms of retaining their precious resources and increase in the overall productivity and cost effectiveness. Problems in working from home Thus, it can be seen that there exists significant positive arguments in favor of the implementation of the practice of working from home in the businesses in the contemporary periods. There are, however, several arguments put forward by scholars, against the concept of work from home. Sturges (2012), argues that often with the implementation of working from home practices, the productivity of employees decrease as they tend to pay less attention to work and there rises sincerity issues. The author also argues that there exists many industries and job roles where there remains no scope of implementing work from home option, thereby making the scope of implantation of the same restricted. His views are also supported by Clapperton (2018), who suggests that among the problems of working from home, the trust issues of the employers is not the primary issue. The main issues according to the author, are the problem of over-working of the employees, lack of colleague support, feeling of is olation and also the absence of proper infrastructure in the residences, the last problem being even more acute in the low developed countries. Case Study Bloom et al. (2014), conducted an experiment on the reputed Chinese travel company, CTrip, with 16,000 employees, where the call center support staffs who opted for work from home option showed a 13% increase in their performance. This led the company to roll out the same for all the employees, where the increase in the productivity of the company was as high as 22%, much due to the work satisfaction and convenience of the employees. Hot-Desking Another important change in the conventional arrangements in the workplaces, which have been increasingly adopted by the business organizations across the world, is the practice of hot-desking in the business organizations. According to Gilson et al. (2012), the term Hot-Desking, being a new concept in work-place arrangement, refers to the system, where more than one worker can work from one desk or work station, thereby having no fixed sitting arrangements and dynamic access to resources as per requirement of the workers. Given the dynamics which the business organizations face in the contemporary global scenario, there are several motivations, on part of the companies, which have been asserted by many scholars over time. Motivation behind implementing hot-desking in business enterprises Felstead (2012), in his elaborate research on the aspects of changing workplace dynamics in the current economic situations, emphasizing especially on the business enterprises operating in the United Kingdom, puts forward the motivations prevailing in the aspect of hot-desking, which are as follows: As per the author, hot-desking allows different employees to access the same working desk in an office, at different times, which reduces the cost of the companies significantly as they do not need to create a work station for each employee. This is especially beneficial in the ever integrating global business environment. The author argues that, with more businesses going global, the need for multi-shift working among the business organizations are increasing, which in turn, required the same to employ workers in different shifts to cater to their multi-national clientele. Hot-desking comes as an efficient workplace arrangement for such situations, as the same increases the productivity of each resource and decreases the cost of operations of the business organizations. Another argument, put forward in favor of the practice, by Strobbe et al. (2012), is that working in different work stations on different days, help the employees to work in the neighborhood of different people in the same office, which in turn helps in better communication, inflow of knowledge from different sections and expansion of the domain of expertise of the employees. This in turn, expectedly contributes positively in the long run productivity of the concerned companies. Brink, Van Meel and Nielsen (2014) augment the previous assertions by arguing that hot-desking not only encourages employees to reduce cumbersome clutters, but also make them feel more free to use the resources present in the office. Under this practice, each employee can use the infrastructures present in the office more efficiently, thereby making the production more cost effective. Problems in hot-desking Not all scholars agree to the positive implications of hot-desking in the business organizations. Baldry and Barnes (2012), argue in their elaborate and empirically supported research findings that there are several impacts of hot-desking, which contributes negatively in the productivity of the employees, thereby having negative implications for the companies in the long run. As per the authors, hot-desking often gives rise to a state of unorganized and inadequate accommodation for the employees, especially when employees are more in number. This forces the employees to waste time in finding a work station for themselves, thereby decreasing their productivity and the profitability of the organizations. The practice, according to the authors, also creates the problem of lack of focusing capabilities among the employees as they need to get accustomed to a new work desk and neighborhood every day (Den Dulk et al. 2013). Case Study The findings of Bull and Brown (2012), suggest that there are mixed implications of hot-desking in the contemporary commercial organizations. While there are evidences of positive implications of the same in the big Silicon Valley based companies like Amazon, Google and others, the evidences provided by Coenen and Kok (2014), show that many people in general do not support the idea as it detaches them from their team, thereby increasing their stress levels as they do not get their familiar peers and their support. Stand-Up or Corridor Meeting Susman (2018), in his article, discussed about another radical change which the workplaces are often implementing in their work culture, which is commonly known as stand-up meeting or corridor meeting. The practice involves the work related discussions and meetings among the attendees, but not in the conventional set-up, but while standing. Motivations to implement Stand-up Meeting According to the author the main benefits of stand-up meeting, which motivates the companies to take this method are as follows: The meetings are usually short and compact as they are done while standing, which creates discomfort if dragged for a long time. The meetings being short-spanned can be done in an informal way, on a regular basis, among teams, which in turn may help in understanding the progress of the same and may also help in creating more channels of communication among the employees. Problems in Corridor or Stand-Up Meetings However, there may also be several problems in conducting the meeting in this way. Brunelle, (2012), argues that this arrangement, due to the short span of meeting, only works when all the participants of the same are focused and clear about their objective of the meeting. Otherwise this may actually be a waste of time. Conclusion Apart from the above discussed changes in the arrangements, there have also been introduction of new work methods like that of virtual meetings, webinars and others, which is highly facilitated by the new age technologies and usage of internets. As the evidences shown above suggests, the implications of the same are mixed. While most of the companies, implementing these methods are benefitted in terms of cost effectiveness, time saving and team integration, there have also been evidences of negative effects of the same in some cases, in terms of inconvenience of some employees and management, which actually added to the loss of their productivity. Together the findings suggest that there are scopes and prospects of implementation of new age workplace arrangements, with the work patterns and operational dynamics considerably changing with time and with more and more companies expanding their domain of operations in other countries as well as in different industries, provided the arran gements are implemented keeping relevance to the structure of the concerned companies, the conveniences of the employers as well as the employees and also the feasibility and viability of the measures for the same. References Baldry, C. and Barnes, A., 2012. The open-plan academy: space, control and the undermining of professional identity.Work, employment and society,26(2), pp.228-245. Bloom, N., 2014. To raise productivity, let more employees work from home.Harvard business review,92(1/2), pp.28-29. Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J. and Ying, Z.J., 2014. Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(1), pp.165-218. Bridgman, B., 2016. Home productivity.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,71, pp.60-76. Brink, R., Van Meel, J. and Nielsen, S.B., 2014. The shared building portfolio: an exploration and typology. InProceedings of CIB Facilities Management Conference 2014(pp. 154-165). Brunelle, E., 2012. Virtuality in work arrangements and affective organizational commitment.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(2). Bull, M. and Brown, T., 2012. Change communication: the impact on satisfaction with alternative workplace strategies.Facilities,30(3/4), pp.135-151. Casson, M. ed., 2013.The Growth of International Business (RLE International Business). Routledge. Christensen, K. and Schneider, B. eds., 2015.Workplace flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce. Cornell University Press. Clapperton, G. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 9 January 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/guyclapperton/2014/05/16/home-working-three-real-problems-and-employer-trust-isnt-one-of-them/#5970236f54ab Coenen, M. and Kok, R.A., 2014. Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules.European Management Journal,32(4), pp.564-576. Coenen, M. and Kok, R.A., 2014. Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules.European Management Journal,32(4), pp.564-576. Den Dulk, L., Groeneveld, S., Ollier-Malaterre, A. and Valcour, M., 2013. National context in work-life research: A multi-level cross-national analysis of the adoption of workplace work-life arrangements in Europe.European Management Journal,31(5), pp.478-494. Felstead, A., 2012. Rapid change or slow evolution? Changing places of work and their consequences in the UK.Journal of Transport Geography,21, pp.31-38. Gilson, N.D., Suppini, A., Ryde, G.C., Brown, H.E. and Brown, W.J., 2012. Does the use of standing hotdesks change sedentary work time in an open plan office?.Preventive medicine,54(1), pp.65-67. Klein, V. and Myrdal, A., 2013.Women's two roles: Home and work. Routledge. Kruse, K. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 9 January 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2012/12/18/benefits-working-from-home/#7ef5f6871d4c Putnam, L.L. and Mumby, D.K. eds., 2013.The SAGE handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods. Sage Publications. Slaughter, A.M., 2015.Why women still can't have it all(p. 100). OneWorld. Strobbe, M., Van Laere, O., Ongenae, F., Dauwe, S., Dhoedt, B., De Turck, F., Demeester, P. and Luyten, K., 2012. Novel applications integrate location and context information.IEEE Pervasive Computing,11(2), pp.64-73. Sturges, J., 2012. Crafting a balance between work and home.Human Relations,65(12), pp.1539-1559. Susman, A. (2018).What's a Stand-Up Meeting and Why Is It Beneficial?. [online] HuffPost. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/aron-susman/whats-a-stand-up-meeting-_b_5915958.html [Accessed 10 Jan. 2018]. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wild, J.J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014.International business. Pearson Education Limited.

It Project Management

Question: Discuss about the It Project Management. Answer Introduction: Project Methodology: The project management methodology refers to the complete process that includes initiation, planning, execution and closure (Kerzner, 2013). There are several methodologies from which a single one has to be chosen by the project manager. The chosen methodology serves as a model for the project. The selection of the methodology is based completely on the characteristics of the project. Role of Methodology in Project Management: The roles of the methodologies in the project management are as following. It allows the project managers to run the project systematically, effectively, efficiently and comprehensively (Schwalbe, 2015). It provides confidence to the clients, senior manager, partners and many others that large projects can be delivered with profit by the organization. Through following each step of the methodology the project manager can run any undertaken project successfully (Kerzner, 2013). The Project Management Methodologies: PMBOK: There are confusions that it is a true project management methodology. Though there are some organizations that make use of the PMBOK for managing the projects (Karaman, Kurt, 2015). The methodology consists of five stages such as initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing. These groups are agreed upon by the Project Management Institute or PMI. Prince 2: It can be also said as the ProjectsinControlledEnvironments. This methodology is processed based. According to the Prince 2 methodology every project must contain some basic protocols such as a controlled and organized initiation, middle and end (Saad et al., 2014). SDLC: SDLC or software development life cycle is a process of altering or developing an application (Ahmed, Forster Dandekar, 2013). The methodology consists of some predefined planned actions. Waterfall: The model is the first one to be introduced in the industry. It can be also referred to as the linear-sequential life cycle model (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). Before jumping on to the next phase the project manager must carefully complete the current process as there is no way to get back to the previous process. Agile: Agile is a software development life cycle model. The agile gives most priority to the requirements of the project (Ahmed, Forster Dandekar, 2013). If a project is being developed with the guidance of agile then any change of scope can be incorporated in the project. Waterfall Vs. Agile: Item Waterfall Agile Definition This is a sequential design process. It is an iterative as well as team-based development. Requirement gathering The requirements have to be collected at the planning phase (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). Supports change of requirements. One process to another 1. The project manager can go to the next process only if the current process is completed (Grogan Kennedy, 2013). 2 Going back to previous process are not possible. 1. The project manager can go back to the previous process as it supports change of requirements. Change of requirement Does not support this option. If found any change of requirement of scope then the project has to started from the beginning. Supports the change of scope or requirement (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). Domain Software development life cycle Software development life cycle Methodologies and Processes Relate to the Project Life Cycle: Waterfall Model: Figure 1: Waterfall Model Processes (Source: Grogan Kennedy, 2013) Requirement collecting and analysis: The potential requirements of the project have to be collected and documented in this project. The documentation is done in specific document, the requirement specification document. System Design: The system design is conducted on the basis of the requirements that have been collected in the previous phase (Grogan Kennedy, 2013). Implementation: According to the designed system small units of the project will be developed. The integration of the units will be carried out in the next stage. Integration and Testing: At first, the testing of the distinct units is done. After the units successfully pass the testing they are integrated (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). Deployment of system: After the completion of the functional and non-functional testing the deployment is done in the consumer environment. Maintenance: As the consumer can face issues after using the system, the maintenance is provided to make the system up and running all the time. Agile: Planning: In this phase the planning of the outline of the process is carried out. Requirement analysis: The functional and non-functional requirements are gathered and examined in this phase. Design: The design is designed according to the analyzed requirement (Grogan Kennedy, 2013). Development: The system is developed on the agreed upon requirements. Testing: Testing of the developed system is carried out. Deploying: The system is deployed to the consumer server. The processes are carried out after receiving new requirements. Each of the complete phase is called integration. References: Ahmed, Z., Helfrich-Forster, C., Dandekar, T. (2013). Integrating Formal UML Designs and HCI Patterns with Spiral SDLC in DroLIGHT Implementation.Recent Patents on Computer Science,6(2), 85-98. Balaji, S., Murugaiyan, M. S. (2012). Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC.International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management,2(1), 26-30. Drury-Grogan, M. L., Kennedy, D. M. (2013). Highlighting Communication Activities and Inefficiencies Between Agile vs. Waterfall Methods: An Agent Based Model of Knowledge Sharing. In8th Pre-ICIS International Research Workshop on Information Technology Project Management (IRWITPM 2013)(p. 46). Karaman, E., Kurt, M. (2015). Comparison of project management methodologies: prince 2 versus PMBOK for it projects.International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Research,4(4), 572-579. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. Saad, S., Ibrahim, A., Asma, O., Khan, M. S., Akhter, J. (2014). PRINCE2 MEthodology: AN INNovAtIvE WAy foR IMPRovINg PERfoRMANCE of MAlAysIAN AutoMotIvE INdustRy.The Journal of Technology Management and Technopreneurship (JTMT),1(1). Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.

Span of Control free essay sample

Corporations often see a shift in executive teams throughout the course of their existence. Often times when during a company merger, acquisition, or a vote by the Board of Directors to replace the company’s leadership, a new style of management will emerge. Different leaders have various ideas on how the management of the company is to be handled. Some CEO’s like to have a small executive team, with separate areas of the business combined into segments and receive reporting through their direct reports, while others like to have a large executive team with a different leader for each business segment. With the number of different management styles out there, employees need to be able to adapt to these changes. In the example provided, the CEO of Fiat decided to flatten the management organization between Fiat and Chrysler. In doing so, the CEO increased the number of direct reports he had under his span of control. We will write a custom essay sample on Span of Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In reducing the number of management levels, each of his direct reports had a broad area of the business to control and be responsible for. The move to flatten the span of control allows the business to bring out its employees talents, skills, and strengths. A move like this can be a positive one for the employees as it boosts morale and gives power to the employees of the business to collaborate and be a part of the company’s success (Griffin, 2012). Giving everyone in the organization the feeling of having a voice is a good way to keep all employees engaged and passionate about the company’s success. The change in the management structure promotes the business to the workforce and provides an opportunity for the management team to build on the success of its employees. While a flat management structure has some positives, there are also some issues that leaders should keep a watchful eye out for to ensure the shit in control is successful. Managers in a flat structure need to be sure to share any research or information they may have with others and not keep it secretive. If a manager can be open and even a little vulnerable, the success rate in using a flat structure can be positive (Griffin, 2012). The flat structure does cause managers to end up with a heavier workload and can lead to confusion among its leaders about who is responsible for what roles Griffin, 2012). When so many people are reporting to one manager, a sense of distrust can be built among the reporting chain. This is why it is important to keep an open dialogue with employees to keep their trust. Flattening the management organization reduces the company’s complexity. The span of control is spread out and reduces the centralization of authority. The defined structure of every employee’s roles and responsibilities is less controlled and more open. This allows everyone to approach their jobs with the freedom to accomplish tasks in their own way as long as they work is getting done. Every organization needs to evaluate the business and determine what span of control provides the best return for the company. If the business is one where the jobs require specific skills to accomplish tasks, a tall management structure may be the best suited for continuing progress. Organizations with jobs that allow a less defined skill set, a flat management structure provides the ability to tap every employee’s skills and achieve their full potential.

Functions with the T-Distribution in Excel

Functions with the T-Distribution in Excel Microsoft’s Excel is useful in performing basic calculations in statistics. Sometimes it is helpful to know all of the functions that are available to work with a particular topic. Here we will consider the functions in Excel that are related to the Student’s t-distribution. In addition to doing direct calculations with the t-distribution, Excel can also calculate confidence intervals and perform hypothesis tests. Functions Concerning the T-Distribution There are several functions in Excel that work directly with the t-distribution. Given a value along the t-distribution, the following functions all return the proportion of the distribution that is in the specified tail. A proportion in the tail can also be interpreted as a probability. These tail probabilities can be used for p-values in hypothesis tests. The T.DIST function returns the left tail of Student’s t-distribution. This function can also be used to obtain the y-value for any point along the density curve.The T.DIST.RT function returns the right tail of Student’s t-distribution.The T.DIST.2T function returns both tails of Student’s t-distribution. These functions all have similar arguments. These arguments are, in order: The value x, which denotes where along the x axis we are along the distributionThe number of degrees of freedom.The T.DIST function has a third argument , which allows us to choose between a cumulative distribution (by entering a 1) or not (by entering a 0). If we enter a 1, then this function will return a p-value. If we enter a 0 then this function will return the y-value of the density curve for the given x. Inverse Functions All of the functions T.DIST, T.DIST.RT and T.DIST.2T share a common property. We see how all of these functions start with a value along the t-distribution and then return a proportion. There are occasions when we would like to reverse this process. We start with a proportion and wish to know the value of t that corresponds to this proportion. In this case we use the appropriate inverse function in Excel. The function T.INV returns the left tailed inverse of Student’s T-distribution.The function T.INV.2T returns the two tailed inverse of Student’s T-distribution. There are two arguments for each of these functions. The first is the probability or proportion of the distribution. The second is the number of degrees of freedom for the particular distribution that we are curious about. Example of T.INV We will see an example of both the T.INV and the T.INV.2T functions. Suppose we are working with a t-distribution with 12 degrees of freedom. If we want to know the point along the distribution that accounts for 10% of the area under the curve to the left of this point, then we enter T.INV(0.1,12) into an empty cell. Excel returns the value -1.356. If instead we use the T.INV.2T function, we see that entering T.INV.2T(0.1,12) will return the value 1.782. This means that 10% of the area under the graph of the distribution function is to the left of -1.782 and to the right of 1.782. In general, by the symmetry of the t-distribution, for a probability P and degrees of freedom d we have T.INV.2T(P, d) ABS(T.INV(P/2,d), where ABS is the absolute value function in Excel. Confidence Intervals One of the topics on inferential statistics involves estimation of a population parameter. This estimate takes the form of a confidence interval. For example the estimate of a population mean is a sample mean. The estimate also possesses a margin of error, which Excel will calculate. For this margin of error we must use the CONFIDENCE.T function. Excel’s documentation says that the function CONFIDENCE.T is said to return the confidence interval using Student’s t-distribution. This function does return the margin of error. The arguments for this function are, in the order that they must be entered: Alpha – this is the level of significance. Alpha is also 1 – C, where C denotes the confidence level. For example, if we want 95% confidence, then we must enter 0.05 for alpha.Standard deviation – this is the sample standard deviation from our data set.Sample size. The formula that Excel uses for this calculation is: M t*s/ √n Here M is for margin, t* is the critical value that corresponds to the level of confidence, s is the sample standard deviation and n is the sample size. Example of Confidence Interval Suppose that we have a simple random sample of 16 cookies and we weigh them. We find that their mean weight is 3 grams with a standard deviation of 0.25 grams. What is a 90% confidence interval for the mean weight of all cookies of this brand? Here we simply type the following into an empty cell: CONFIDENCE.T(0.1,0.25,16) Excel returns 0.109565647. This is the margin of error. We subtract and also add this to our sample mean, and so our confidence interval is 2.89 grams to 3.11 grams. Tests of Significance Excel will also perform hypothesis tests that are related to the t-distribution. The function T.TEST returns the p-value for several different tests of significance. The arguments for the T.TEST function are: Array 1, which gives the first   set of sample data.Array 2, which gives the second set of sample dataTails, in which we can enter either 1 or 2.Type - 1 denotes a paired t-test, 2 a two-sample test with the same population variance, and 3 a two-sample test with different population variances.

Auditory Attention Essay Example for Free

Auditory Attention Essay The ability to localize sound sources is of considerable importance to both humans and animals; it will determine the direction of objects to seek or to avoid as well as indicating the appropriate direction to direct visual attention. The precision of sound localization is remarkable, particularly for brief sounds or for those occurring in noisy or reverberant surroundings. While the most reliable cues used in the localization of sounds depend upon a comparison of the signals reaching the two ears, there are also phenomena of auditory space perception which result from monoaural processing of the signals. Localization refers to judgments of the direction and distance of a sound source. Like when headphones are worn, the sound image is located inside the head. Headphones allow precise control of interaural differences and eliminate effects related to room echoes. Using two ears we are able to selectively attend to sounds coming from a particular direction while effectively excluding other sounds. This ability is particularly important in noisy surroundings or when there are several sound sources competing for our attention. Our acuity in locating sounds is greatest in the horizontal dimension, fairly good in the vertical direction and least good in the depth dimension. Aside from this ability we are also able to judge the direction of a sound source and to some extent estimates its distance. Many everyday experiences indicate that auditory localization can be influenced by conflicting visual cues. At a cinema for example, the loudspeakers are usually placed behind the screen or in its center yet the sound still appears to come from the actor’s mouth as he moves about the screen. Similarly, the loudspeaker in a television set is located to one side of the screen but the sound does not appear to be detached from the visual image. Thus, it might be possible that exposure to conflicting auditory and visual cues for a period of time may lead to an after-effect in which the localization of sounds is systematically displaced. This may occur during experiments wherein sound may be generates from one area but a cue may say otherwise and given the effects of practice and priming, experiment results into auditory localization may not be valid. Early findings on the study of orienting pure auditory attention have yielded no significant change in performance. Posner (1980) did not find any advantage in the use of auditory pre- cueing of auditory targets. Others have failed to find a benefit for the detection of sounds coming from expected vs. unexpected locations (Scharf, Quigley, Aoki, Peachey and Reeves, 1987). Buchtel and Butter (1988) found that informative auditory cues provided a benefit in the detection of visual targets; however they failed to find a benefit from cues on auditory targets. Klein, Brennan and Gilani (1987) also found no benefit in the detection of auditory targets with the use of uninformative cues using both visual and auditory cues. However, the use of auditory and visual cues together on tasks has been promising. Previous researches on multisensory instruments have found that it can optimize performance rather than using one sensory modality. Recently Duncan, Martens and Ward (1997) found evidence of restricted attentional capacity within but not between sensory modalities. They presented streams of visual and or auditory inputs containing occasional targets to be identified and recalled, for two visual or two auditory streams they found that the identification of one target produced a sustained reduction in the ability to identify a second target. In contrast, when the streams were from both modalities, there was no such reduction in the identification of the second target. The results suggest a modality-specific restriction to concurrent attention and awareness. The results of this study have important implications for the design of complex human machine interface systems. Systems should be designed to take advantage of the spatial presentation of information to the human operator to enhance the detection rate of critical information (i. e. ; warnings). This findings support Rhodes (1987) earlier work on auditory attention where he reported that auditory attention has spatial constraints. He found that time linearly increased to localize a sound as a function of distance from the point of attention; he further proposed that even for sounds, localization is shifted through logical and topographical representations. Information presented in locations where spatial attention has been allocated has both faster and more accurate response in both visual and auditory modalities (Posner, 1980, Ward, 2000, Spence & driver, 1996, 1997a, 1997b). Moreover, even if there is a limited human attentional capacity the nature of spatial attention across modalities suggests that if one modality is overloaded the attentional capacity of other modalities are not adversely affected (Duncan, Martens & Ward, 1997). Thus, the best way to maximize this modality-specific restriction is to present information using both the visual and auditory modalities. Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan & Oldfield (1998) found evidence of the usefulness of using both modalities. In their study, they reported that visual search times were reduced when spatially informative auditory information was supplied. They used a spatial localization task in which the search for a visual target was aided by either a visual arrow or an auditory cue. They found both the visual and the auditory cues aided in significantly reducing the search times when compared to unaided search. It is however important that the visual and auditory information presented are detectable and localizable. Hence a signal should be localizable when information presented is critical (i. e. ; location of threats such as enemy fighters, missiles etc. ) and that information presented is expected in that location will improve response time and accuracy (Posner, 1980, Spence and Driver, 1996). Auditory Attention. (2017, May 20).