Energy Demands Alternative Energy Resources - 1368 Words

Can growing energy demands be met safely and efficiently? My talk today is about energy especially about energy demands. What is energy? In physics, energy is defined as the capacity to do work. This capacity is very important to our daily lives, business, and education and even for the national security. This is why it is so important for world to meet the growing demands of the energy. According to Global future studies research stated that there are 1.3 billion people are living without electricity today, which is 20% of total population and that 2 billion of population, is expected to be added to world population between now and 2050. Moreover, countries like BRICS (Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, China, South Africa) under rapid growth†¦show more content†¦(Economic Watch, 2010) Moreover, the one of the most developed country United Kingdom also dependent 85% of their energy consumes on fossil fuels. (Quaker Peace Social Witness, 2013) Those two examples is the indicator that telling us how much our economy is heavily dependent o n fossil fuels. It is a well-known fact that fossil fuel reserves are not infinite and this heavily dependent on limited fossil fuel is the one of key reason that boost the apprehension of that we might not able to meet the demands of the energy. However, luckily the world trend is heading to decrease dependency on fossil fuels. For instance, according to the International Energy Agency it identified that demand of bio fuels has been growth steadily from 16 billion liters in 2000 to 100 billion liters in 2011. (International Energy Agency) In addition, there are alternative power resources rather than biofuels to substitute fossil fuels such as Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Power, Wind Energy, Geothermal Energy, Hydroelectricity and etc. Lastly, the development of technology can be a breakthrough to meet the growing demand energy. Technology innovation has always played a key role to moving the energy industry forward. Many successful new technologies have impacted greatly on maximizing fuel efficiency. On this circumstance of heavily relying on limited amount of fossil fuels, the maximize efficiency can be a visually effective strategies to meet the rising of theShow MoreRelated Renewable Energy Essays1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe most of global energy production produces from fossil fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas. The vast fossil fuels generate energy which use for many purposes for instant residential, transportation and industrial sectors. While the rate consumption of fossil fuel higher than their formation leads to oil price crisis. Another concern of fossil fuel combustion is the impact on the environment. Global warming is a significant problem which results in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gasRead MoreThe Cost Of Fossil Fuels1147 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy Policy Sheldon Fogle Telescope to Microscope April 22, 2015 Global Crisis Our species as a whole is very successful in many advancements such as technology, in society all together, and just overall in life but, currently we are failing our environment. Since our world is an immense place that consumes so much energy our demand is high. The ultimate goal is to no longer rely on nonrenewable energy sources, which we so strongly rely on today. Baby Steps are beingRead MoreNew Energy for the Future1358 Words   |  6 PagesNew Energy for the Future For years man has relied on energy in order to be successful in life. The industrial revolution relied on coal for the new inventions brought into the world. Life as has never been the same since then. However since that time, there has been little done to improve on energy efficiency and humans still primarily rely on fossil fuels for energy. For over a hundred years the Earth has become more polluted and dirtier than ever before. Now, with new, innovative technology thereRead MoreEnergy Sources For Alternative Energy930 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen to create diverse methods of generating powerful, dependable energy sources that do not have negative repercussions on our environment. Alternative energy refers to sources that do not create undesired consequences, such as fossil fuels do (Alternative Energy 2015). Not only are emissions from fossil fuels concerning, but also these resources are not going to be available for our use forever, making changes for alternative energy sources a pressing topic of discussion. British Petroleum and RoyalRead MoreRole Of The Systems Approach For The Water1199 Words   |  5 PagesApproach for the Water – Food – Energy Nexus The role of the systems approach when dealing with the water, food, and energy nexus is to understand and depict the interconnections between all parts, to ensure the parts are divided equally, and that the sum of all parts equals the whole. By focusing on just one part, for instance water - trying to make the heating of water and the extraction of water better, you can actually be causing more issues at the expense of the energy sector. According to theRead MoreAlternative Energy: Solar Energy1323 Words   |  5 PagesIn the world today, alternative energy source which is an alternative to fossil fuel and nuclear energy is becoming more and more of a necessity. Right now, the world’s population growth has caused an increase in the energy demand. Rosenberg (2009) pointed out that the world’s current growth rate is about 1.14%, representing a doubling time of 61 years. OECDs International Energy Agency[IEA] (2014) found that from 2011 to 2035 the world energy demand is likely to rise by more than two-thirds. ThoughRead MoreA Formula for Using Alternative Energy to Reduce Global Oil Dependency1579 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction It is an indisputable fact that oil resources are diminishing across the globe. The demand for oil is increasing in countries that are benefitting from the shift in manufacturing and services to underdeveloped countries. In order to maintain particular standards of oil-dependent living, nation states establish unbalanced trade arrangements which contribute to global disharmony. The continued use of oil in its many applications is a dominant cause of air and water pollution, which isRead MoreNatural Resources are Being Depleted1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe natural resources of Earth continue to be used more and more each year. Coal and oil are consumed with incredible speed and about 28 percent of the total energy derived from coal and oil. Earth is becoming airless balloon and the human population is rapidly growing. These natural resources are not renewable. The world needs to stop pertaining to be blind about environmental crises. We need to start working on alternative energy th at will protect our environment while maintaining energy dependentRead MoreRenewable Resources For Renewable Energy Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pages Renewable Resources used to be a source that was futuristic and far beyond the time period. Fossil Fuels are damaging to the home that is named Earth. Americans should support the production of renewable resources because they are more efficient, the world will experience a decline in the emission of Fossil Fuels, and the use of of WWS (Wind, Water, Solar) Resources will produce a more resilient source when compared to the sources that in effect now. WWS Resources produce more efficiently thanRead MoreFossil Fuels And Its Effect On Our Health1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthe primary source of energy in Canada because of the inexpensiveness, but they are immensely affecting our society and environment. Fossil fuels have been our primary source of energy from a long time which accounts for a substantial amount of the carbon dioxide in the air. The demand for fossil fuels is still high and the supply is slowly decreasing since we have been using it. We should retire fossil fuels and standardize the use of alternative energy. Alternative energy is inexhaustible so it

The Roles of Culture, Subculture, and Social Class in...

Principles of Marketing The Roles of Culture, Subculture and Social Class in Consumer Behavior Introduction The depth and variety of global expansion strategies today is accelerating rapidly as companies historically who have been highly effective in marketing, selling and service look to new nations to continue growing sales and profits. The roles of culture, subcultures and social classes serve as the framework for gaining new access into foreign markets. The effect of cultural distances in the areas of cultures, subcultures and social classes has also led all companies to become more agile and market-driven versus being locked into their own processes and procedures (Moon, Park, 18). Global expansion ahs forced companies to recognize the critically important role culture, subculture and social class all play in the context of planning, executing, monitoring and modifying marketing strategies over time. As there is an abundance of research on how these three aspects of a given nation or region affect marketing strategies, often forcing them to become much more sensitive to regional relig ious and moral priorities and considerations (Lu, Rose, Blodgett, 94). Cultural, subculture and social class are also the boundaries of effective services marketing strategies as well, as each of these areas must be considered in creating a unique value proposition that resonates with trust. The ability to create customer loyalty in a foreign nation begins by understanding andShow MoreRelatedFactors that influence consumer buying behavior1747 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence consumer buying behavior There are a lot of subjects for marketers to understand in order to get more customers purchasing their companies’ products or brands. Consumer buying behavior is one of the studies that marketers need to understand. Factors that influence consumer buying behavior can be classified into four classes which are social factor, cultural factor, personal factor and psychological factor. One of the factors that influence consumer buying behavior is social factorsRead MoreSubcultures and Subcultural Marketing1424 Words   |  6 PagesSubcultures and Subcultural Marketing Introduction We are brought up to follow the beliefs, values, and customs of our society and to avoid behavior that is judged â€Å"unacceptable† or considered to be taboo. In addition to segmenting in terms of cultural factors, marketers also segment overall societies into smaller subgroups or subcultures that consist of people who are similar in terms of their ethnic origin, their customs, and the ways they behave. These subcultures provide important marketingRead More7 Os: Occupants, Objects, Objectives, Organizations, Operations, Occasions, Outletss1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of consumer behavior studies how consumers (individuals and groups) select, buy, use, and dispose of goods, services, ideas to satisfy their needs. To understand the consumers in the target market, marketing managers rely on the 7 O’s framework of consumer research. 7 Os: Occupants, Objects, Objectives, Organizations, Operations, Occasions, Outletss Who constitutes the market? Occupants What does the market buy? Objects Why does the market buy? Objectives Who participatesRead MoreCommunicating At Work By Ronald B. Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Culture Cultures differ from nation to nation. Culture plays an important role in communicating with other people. In Matthew Arnolds’ Culture and Anarchy (1867), culture is described as â€Å"special intellectual or artistic endeavors or products.† In Primitive Culture, Edward B. Tylor (1871) defined culture as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. all folks â€Å"have† culture, learnedRead MoreConsumer Behavior Refers to the Selection, Purchase and Consumption of Goods and Services for the Satisfaction of Their Wants1679 Words   |  7 PagesConsumer behavior Consumer behavior refers to the selection, purchase and consumption of goods and services for the satisfaction of their wants. There are different processes involved in the consumer behavior. Initially the consumer tries to find what commodities he would like to consume, then he selects only those commodities that promise greater utility. After selecting the commodities, the consumer makes an estimate of the available money which he can spend. Lastly, the consumer analyzes theRead MoreEthel’s Chocolate Lounges: Back to the Future? Chocolate Lounges Taste Sweet Success1026 Words   |  5 PagesEthel’s Chocolate Lounges: Back to the Future? Chocolate Lounges Taste Sweet Success 10/25/2011 1. Describe the type of consumer buying decision that best describes the choice to indulge at Ethel’s. Ethel’s Chocolate lounges are chocolate or candy based restaurants that where created by the Mars corporation. The Mars Corporation is the same corporation that makes the famous MM candy. In the case study on Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges we learn that the Mars Corporation has made many modificationsRead MoreStrategies For Selecting A Target A Market For Tucson Textiles Essay3015 Words   |  13 Pagesgenerally involves targeting the whole with one product and an undifferentiated marketing can be cheaper that other strategies because there is only one product to produce. This strategy utilizes a single marketing mix to reach the maximum number of consumers in the target market selected. Differentiated marketing Here the marketing strategy targets different market segments with specific marketing mix, which is designed to meet those segments needs. Differentiated marketing strategy involves the preparationRead MoreFactors Influencing The Buying Decision Process1269 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the role of emotions in the Buying Decision Process. What are the other major influences on consumer behavior? Describe them. Ch. 6, Session #3 Handout There are 3 types of factors influencing on consumer behavior: cultural factors, social factors, and personal factors. 1) Cultural factors consists a consumer’s culture, subculture and social class. These factors are usually innate in our values and decision activities. Sub-cultures are a society is included of several cultures which peopleRead MoreThe Effect Of Emotions On Consumer Behavior1235 Words   |  5 Pages 6. What is the role of emotions in the Buying Decision Process. What are the other major influences on consumer behavior? Describe them. Ch. 6, Session #3 Handout We can identify buyer decision processes as decision making processes that are managed by buyers in regard to a possible market business deal before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service. Now, let’s take a look at a role of emotions in the buying decision process. The evidence of the role of emotions in decision makingRead MoreReview Of Subject . This Essay Describes How Values And1348 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, and how the changes have impacted marketing to American consumers. It starts with an overview of consumer behavior model which includes the influences on a consumer decision process, and how businesses can be successful in being the chosen brand in the decision process. It covers the three categories of values: self-oriented, environment-oriented, and other-oriented, and explores how marketing address diversity and gender-role changes at home and in the society. It covers the impact of demographics

Essay on Women in Violent Relationships - 1012 Words

What is Love? Webster’s dictionary defines love as a strong, deep affection. Many of those who are or have been in love can definitely agree with that. My definition for love is all of earth’s surroundings that make one feel good or happy; to me, love is not just love towards another, but it is also love towards something beyond. Everyone knows that love is a beautiful thing to experience: it feels like all the happiness in the world is in your hands and you could never be happier. But what happens, coming from a woman’s perspective, when your husband uses that love as a weapon against you? What if he raised his hands against his woman, bruising his hands so that they started to swell up? Well, that is the case in many women’s lives around†¦show more content†¦She sees that he has a well-paying job that keeps a roof over their heads and food in their stomachs, or, that they have kids together. The only reason she lives with her hopeless plight is because she wants her children to grow up with a father figure still in their lives. Author Rabbi Julius Gordon once said, â€Å"Love is not blind, it sees more, not less. But because it sees more, it is willing to see less.† But doesn’t love if it wants to see less, cause itself to be blind? In my opinion, it does. Because her love overlooks all the wrong he’s doing, it is choosing to be blind. But is not love supposed to be beautiful? Is not love supposed to make someone happy? If so, why are so many women pulling back from getting help and from doing something about their situations as victims? Many of these unfortunate women know what the outcome would be if they tried to do something about their situations. For a battered woman, because she knows what will happen, she chooses to turn away from seeking help. Women in situations like these are neglecting to see the truth. Love is blind if the person in love is refusing to see the things that are going wrong o r hurting the relationship. In the Holy Bible, 1 Corinthians, Chapter 13 verse 6, states, â€Å"It (love) does not rejoice in wrongdoing, but rejoices in the truth.† On cable TV there is a channel called Lifetime Movie Network; for those who do not know, it is a woman’s movie channel. Here they show many moviesShow MoreRelatedWomen in Violent Relationships1484 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen immense efforts to expand knowledge about the experiences women have endured in violent relationships. The emergence of internal, external risk factors, correlates, and causes of intimate partner violence has increased rapidly in recent decades. Although there has been a rise in many supportive groups, there are still various barriers that exist and prohibit women from seeking help to detach themselves from a violent relationship. In reading Roz story, I have learned of the many barriers toRead More Why Women Stay in Violent Relationships Essay4419 Words   |  18 PagesWhy Women Stay in Violent Relationships Most women have at least one dependant who must be taken care of, many are not employed, their parents are either distant or unable or unwilling to help. She may lack the access to cash; she or the children may be in poor health, may face a decline in the living standard for herself and her children. Many older children may resent this decision. She may believe that she will be charged with desertion or losing the children and cash assets if she leaves.Read MoreThe Violent Tendencies Fed By Violent Words Charter In1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Violent Tendencies Fed by Violent Words charter in the book The Community of Self, emphasized how exposing children to words of violence through many outlets in society has caused an aggressive, violent nation. Because mental images and experiences makes people who they are (), it is imperative to be selective in what children see and hear. As a child, parents allow children to watch cartoons without considering the violent tendencies subtly d isplayed in them. For example, the words or imagesRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence that takes place within home environment. Adults and children can both be victims. Domestic violence is a major human rights issue across the world, and one of New Zealand’s most serious social issues. One in three women in Aotearoa will experience an abusive relationship, with many more coming dangerously close. Reason Domestic violences occurs when the abuser wanting to rule their other half because they have low self-esteem, easily jealous, struggling to control anger and other strongRead MorePsychological And Emotional Effects Of Domestic Violence986 Words   |  4 Pages In 2 out of 3 women homicide cases, they are killed by a family member or intimate partner. Domestic violence is typically the aggressive or violent behavior in a household that involves the physical abuse of a spouse or partner. Physical abuse is one of the major ways men control the behavior of women. More than 4 million women experience physical assault and rape by their partners. The abuser may also do other acts of violence such as psychological and/or emotional abuse thatRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1183 Words   |  5 PagesEverything was so perfect in the beginning, and then it all went downhill from there. Everyone in a homebound affiliation is at risk of obtaining a violent status. Domestic violence has had the grandest impact on women. It can be found all over the world, within various countries. Domestic violence has a harsh, negative, and destructive influence on women; domestic violence can lead to emotional, physical, and psychological damage. Domestic violence is defined as an act of violence within the householdRead MoreSexual Images And Its Effects On Society1477 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals, particularly women. With the creation of the internet, a person’s access to sex in the form of pornography has sky rocketed. In addition, many companies have begun to increase the number of advertisements produced that contain sexual images or themes—subscribing to the notion that â€Å"sex sells.† Massive amounts of sexualized images, particularly of women, are available for free consumption. Overall, the increased prevalence of pornographic images, particularly violent images, both throughRead MoreWomen And Domestic Violence : India Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesWomen and Domestic Violence India Chillious Cleveland State University This paper was prepared or Social Work 622, Section 480, taught by Professor Seck Violence has been an ongoing issue, and has increased over the years. There are many different types of violence that can take place, one being domestic violence. Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over anotherRead MoreViolent And Sexual Victimization Of Women On College Campuses1143 Words   |  5 PagesIt is no secret that violent and sexual victimization of women in college campuses occurs at a high rate. However, repeat victimization, or the occurrence of the same victimization happening more than once to the same individual, is rarely discussed. Daigle et al., conducted a study to find if repeat victimization was an issue among the women being victimized violently and sexually on college campuses. The findings can be related to different theories of criminology and victimology. Considering theRead More Violence Against Women In Music Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pages Violence Against Women In Music nbsp; Particularly distressing in todays society is the level of dysfunctional relationships. Values considered outdated and baseless, such as mutual respect, consideration for another persons feelings, and common courtesy, are becoming extinct human customs. Especially troubling are the violent misogynous messages infused in hard-core rock and rap music and their negative effects on todays youth. nbsp; Healthy relationships of mutual love, respect

Trend in International Business Environment - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Trend in International Business Environment. Answer: Introduction The economic framework in the global framework, over the years, has experienced significant dynamics and modifications in the last few decades, which in turn can be attributed to the economic and global phenomena occurring in different corners of the world. The global economic environment, over the past decades has become more integrated and inclusive owing to economic phenomena like Globalization, Liberalization of economic environment of the major countries and increasing scopes of setting up commercial and political relations among the different countries across the world. This immense dynamics in the global economy have direct implications on the business and commercial environment across the world, which has also been subjected to immense modifications relating to the changing patterns of operations of businesses in different parts of the world. Over the years, the main incentive of doing business, globally, has remained the same, that is of acquiring maximum profit and economic prospects as well long term sustainability in their operations. However, the mode of operations in the business organizations and the work culture have significantly changes over the years, catering to the needs of the situations and facilitated by the inventions and development of technologies and provisions which makes the process of doing business easy, convenient, cost saving and time effective. The changes in the work culture and global business environment includes multi-dimensional domains like the way in which the employees interact, the communications among different participants in the businesses, production methods, management of businesses and others to name a few. With a more integrated international commercial environment and with increasing number of businesses going global, these changes have become inevitable and have been facilitate d by facilities like internet, which makes communication across the world extremely easy. Taking this aspect into consideration, many business organizations are undergoing radical changes in their workplace arrangements, which includes introduction of new practices like that of hot-desking, stand-up and corridor meetings, home offices and others to make their operations more dynamic and cost and time effective. The concerned report tries to discuss these new methods taken by the business organizations in the contemporary periods, in details. The report also emphasizes on analyzing the need for introduction of the same, the motivation behind the same and tries to analyze whether the companies, implementing such methods are getting added advantages and desired benefits over those who still stick to the conventional methods of doing business. For the purpose of doing the same the report tries to conduct an extensive review of the literatures and scholarly works which are present regarding aspects, thereby comparing and discussing the learned opinions prevailing across the wo rld regarding this aspect, taking into account the empirical evidences and examples relevant to the same. Dynamics in the Global Business Environment To understand the evolution and implementation of radical changes in the workplace operations by the different enterprises across the world, it is of immense importance to understand the trends prevailing in the global business environment and the evolution of the same over the years. There exists different opinions regarding the concept of the global business environment of which the one put forward by Wild, Wild and Han (2014), seems to be robust and inclusive. The authors define the concept of the international business environment as the open forum in which the commercial transactions (both public and private) takes places between the relevant organizations of different countries. Over the years, with the integration of the leading economies of the world, attributed to phenomena like Globalizations, Liberalizations, Free Trade Agreements and inter-country migration and usage of labor and other resources of production, there has been a significant increase in the number of enterpr ises and countries actively operating under the domain of international business environment. There are several contributing factors, according to the literary evidences to the expansion of operations in the global business environment, with more and more companies going global. The primary ones, as found to be asserted by different scholarly opinions are discussed in the following sections. Reasons behind the increase in operations of enterprises in international business Casson (2013) in his working paper briefly discussing about the evolution of the global business environment, elaborates about the primary reasons behind the continuously expanding domain of international business and inclusion of more organizations as participants in the same. The primary ones put forward by the author are as follows: Increasing innovations and progress in technological aspects, which facilitates in integrating the global economy and making overseas operations of businesses convenient and time saving Increase in easy transport globally and the fall in the cost of overseas travel has also facilitated commercial enterprises to increase their domain of operations in countries other than their home country With communication getting easier, mainly due to the invention and increased usage of internet, it becomes easier for the organizations to connect instantly with any corner of the world, which in turn helps them in controlling their business operations in different countries from a remote place of operations The views of Casson are strongly supported by many other authors including Verbeke (2013), who adds to the arguments by adding the aspects of change in consumption and life style patterns of people across the world. This in turn has changed the global consumption patterns massively, thereby making the business environment more inclusive as well as competitive. Given this situation and the ease of doing international business, more companies are expanding their domain of operations globally The arguments put forward by the authors in the above section, emphasizes on the fact that over the years the operational framework of the business organizations have changed massively, with most of them going global and venturing in more than one domain of operations, thereby making their production and supply of products and services multi-dimensional. This in turn, as argued by Putnam and Mumby (2013), indicates towards the need for change and improvisations in the modes of operations within these business enterprises, which also includes the workplace arrangements, such that the resources present with the companies can be optimally used and the production can be maximized. Changes in the workplace arrangements with time There are many opinions regarding the fact that over the years the commercial organizations have been modifying their workplace arrangements significantly and incorporating new means in doing the same, the changes being radical in many instances. Christensen and Schneider (2015), have argued in this aspect asserting that over the years the usual commercial workplaces have undergone considerable changes in the pattern of operating with the inclusion of new ways of working by the employees in these organizations. However, the authors have not elaborated on the measures and new age working methods which are being adopted by these organizations in this aspect and have only discussed about the evolution of business workplaces across the world over time. Coenen and Kok (2014), augments the arguments put forward by the former authors, regarding the evolution of commercial workplaces with time and the new arrangement adopted by them in the global scenario. According to the authors, to cater to the changes in the demand as well as supply patterns, the operations and production activities of the companies have been experiencing significant changes, which includes radical workplaces changes like implementation of work from home, hot-desking, corridor and stand-up meetings, space sharing, flexible work shifts and others. These new age workplace arrangements, as opined by different scholars, are put forward in the following sections. New Workplace Arrangements Over the last few decades, the conventional concept of workplace, that is of several people sitting in a room, at same place and working for a fixed duration daily, doing several pre-assigned jobs, has changed considerably. The businesses going global and multi-dimensional, the organizations are venturing in many industries and domain of operations, which in turn have led them to relax the conventional working norms and work cultures and implement flexibilities in the same to utilize the resources present with them as far as possible and find new channels to reap profits by finding new ways of utilizing their full capacities. The new changes, often implemented in the workplace arrangements are as follows: Work From Home One of the current workplace arrangement changes which are increasingly taken into account by the business organizations across the world, in many industries, is the practice of home office or working from home. Bloom (2014), elaborately discusses the concept of working from home as the method of operations, especially adopted by the different commercial organizations across different parts of the world, where the employees of the company can perform their professional activities without being present at the work location during the normal business timings. This implies that an employee can work independently from home, without staying electronically connected to the team or the employer, during the business hours. Motivations behind implementation of working from home Bridgman (2016), discusses the expected benefits of the implementation of working from home in the contemporary commercial scenario, which motivates the organizations to implement the same. These motivating reasons according to the author are as follows: The first benefit of introducing the practice of working from home, as per the assertions of the author, is that it is expected to increase the productivity of the employees by saving time and effort to travel to the workplace, this being especially true for those employees who stay far from their offices. Another argument in favor of the same is that this practice helps the employers to cut the overhead costs of making provisions for the employees within the office to a considerable level, thereby increasing the cost effectiveness in their production operations. Kruse (2018), puts forward another motivating factor behind the incorporation of work from home practices in the current business scenario across the world, which is the aspect of less distraction, less stressed environment and working in the quieter atmosphere, which is expected to increase the productivity of the employees, thereby benefitting the employers in the long run, in terms of profitability. Another crucial aspect of the need for implementing the working from home practices in the commercial domain, as put forward by Klein and Myrdal (2013), is that from the perspective of female workers. As has been rightly put forward by the authors and supported by many other scholarly evidences including that of Slaughter (2015), the work force participation of women have increased significantly over the years, with increasing scopes of education and skill development of women. However, in spite of their increasing participation in different commercial arena, across the world, the women workforce still faces the problem of trading off between their work and household responsibilities, especially after their marriage and child birth. According to the authors, this leads to immense lay-offs and resignation of the female employees in many organizations, thereby affecting the welfare of the employees as well as the profitability of the enterprises negatively. However, with the implementation of work from home practices, the authors argue that this problem can be combated to a considerable extent, as the female employees will no longer have to trade off between work and child rearing and can maintain a perfect work life balance. This may also help the male employees in the same aspects. This in turn can help the business organizations in terms of retaining their precious resources and increase in the overall productivity and cost effectiveness. Problems in working from home Thus, it can be seen that there exists significant positive arguments in favor of the implementation of the practice of working from home in the businesses in the contemporary periods. There are, however, several arguments put forward by scholars, against the concept of work from home. Sturges (2012), argues that often with the implementation of working from home practices, the productivity of employees decrease as they tend to pay less attention to work and there rises sincerity issues. The author also argues that there exists many industries and job roles where there remains no scope of implementing work from home option, thereby making the scope of implantation of the same restricted. His views are also supported by Clapperton (2018), who suggests that among the problems of working from home, the trust issues of the employers is not the primary issue. The main issues according to the author, are the problem of over-working of the employees, lack of colleague support, feeling of is olation and also the absence of proper infrastructure in the residences, the last problem being even more acute in the low developed countries. Case Study Bloom et al. (2014), conducted an experiment on the reputed Chinese travel company, CTrip, with 16,000 employees, where the call center support staffs who opted for work from home option showed a 13% increase in their performance. This led the company to roll out the same for all the employees, where the increase in the productivity of the company was as high as 22%, much due to the work satisfaction and convenience of the employees. Hot-Desking Another important change in the conventional arrangements in the workplaces, which have been increasingly adopted by the business organizations across the world, is the practice of hot-desking in the business organizations. According to Gilson et al. (2012), the term Hot-Desking, being a new concept in work-place arrangement, refers to the system, where more than one worker can work from one desk or work station, thereby having no fixed sitting arrangements and dynamic access to resources as per requirement of the workers. Given the dynamics which the business organizations face in the contemporary global scenario, there are several motivations, on part of the companies, which have been asserted by many scholars over time. Motivation behind implementing hot-desking in business enterprises Felstead (2012), in his elaborate research on the aspects of changing workplace dynamics in the current economic situations, emphasizing especially on the business enterprises operating in the United Kingdom, puts forward the motivations prevailing in the aspect of hot-desking, which are as follows: As per the author, hot-desking allows different employees to access the same working desk in an office, at different times, which reduces the cost of the companies significantly as they do not need to create a work station for each employee. This is especially beneficial in the ever integrating global business environment. The author argues that, with more businesses going global, the need for multi-shift working among the business organizations are increasing, which in turn, required the same to employ workers in different shifts to cater to their multi-national clientele. Hot-desking comes as an efficient workplace arrangement for such situations, as the same increases the productivity of each resource and decreases the cost of operations of the business organizations. Another argument, put forward in favor of the practice, by Strobbe et al. (2012), is that working in different work stations on different days, help the employees to work in the neighborhood of different people in the same office, which in turn helps in better communication, inflow of knowledge from different sections and expansion of the domain of expertise of the employees. This in turn, expectedly contributes positively in the long run productivity of the concerned companies. Brink, Van Meel and Nielsen (2014) augment the previous assertions by arguing that hot-desking not only encourages employees to reduce cumbersome clutters, but also make them feel more free to use the resources present in the office. Under this practice, each employee can use the infrastructures present in the office more efficiently, thereby making the production more cost effective. Problems in hot-desking Not all scholars agree to the positive implications of hot-desking in the business organizations. Baldry and Barnes (2012), argue in their elaborate and empirically supported research findings that there are several impacts of hot-desking, which contributes negatively in the productivity of the employees, thereby having negative implications for the companies in the long run. As per the authors, hot-desking often gives rise to a state of unorganized and inadequate accommodation for the employees, especially when employees are more in number. This forces the employees to waste time in finding a work station for themselves, thereby decreasing their productivity and the profitability of the organizations. The practice, according to the authors, also creates the problem of lack of focusing capabilities among the employees as they need to get accustomed to a new work desk and neighborhood every day (Den Dulk et al. 2013). Case Study The findings of Bull and Brown (2012), suggest that there are mixed implications of hot-desking in the contemporary commercial organizations. While there are evidences of positive implications of the same in the big Silicon Valley based companies like Amazon, Google and others, the evidences provided by Coenen and Kok (2014), show that many people in general do not support the idea as it detaches them from their team, thereby increasing their stress levels as they do not get their familiar peers and their support. Stand-Up or Corridor Meeting Susman (2018), in his article, discussed about another radical change which the workplaces are often implementing in their work culture, which is commonly known as stand-up meeting or corridor meeting. The practice involves the work related discussions and meetings among the attendees, but not in the conventional set-up, but while standing. Motivations to implement Stand-up Meeting According to the author the main benefits of stand-up meeting, which motivates the companies to take this method are as follows: The meetings are usually short and compact as they are done while standing, which creates discomfort if dragged for a long time. The meetings being short-spanned can be done in an informal way, on a regular basis, among teams, which in turn may help in understanding the progress of the same and may also help in creating more channels of communication among the employees. Problems in Corridor or Stand-Up Meetings However, there may also be several problems in conducting the meeting in this way. Brunelle, (2012), argues that this arrangement, due to the short span of meeting, only works when all the participants of the same are focused and clear about their objective of the meeting. Otherwise this may actually be a waste of time. Conclusion Apart from the above discussed changes in the arrangements, there have also been introduction of new work methods like that of virtual meetings, webinars and others, which is highly facilitated by the new age technologies and usage of internets. As the evidences shown above suggests, the implications of the same are mixed. While most of the companies, implementing these methods are benefitted in terms of cost effectiveness, time saving and team integration, there have also been evidences of negative effects of the same in some cases, in terms of inconvenience of some employees and management, which actually added to the loss of their productivity. Together the findings suggest that there are scopes and prospects of implementation of new age workplace arrangements, with the work patterns and operational dynamics considerably changing with time and with more and more companies expanding their domain of operations in other countries as well as in different industries, provided the arran gements are implemented keeping relevance to the structure of the concerned companies, the conveniences of the employers as well as the employees and also the feasibility and viability of the measures for the same. References Baldry, C. and Barnes, A., 2012. The open-plan academy: space, control and the undermining of professional identity.Work, employment and society,26(2), pp.228-245. Bloom, N., 2014. To raise productivity, let more employees work from home.Harvard business review,92(1/2), pp.28-29. Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J. and Ying, Z.J., 2014. Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(1), pp.165-218. Bridgman, B., 2016. Home productivity.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,71, pp.60-76. Brink, R., Van Meel, J. and Nielsen, S.B., 2014. The shared building portfolio: an exploration and typology. InProceedings of CIB Facilities Management Conference 2014(pp. 154-165). Brunelle, E., 2012. Virtuality in work arrangements and affective organizational commitment.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(2). Bull, M. and Brown, T., 2012. Change communication: the impact on satisfaction with alternative workplace strategies.Facilities,30(3/4), pp.135-151. Casson, M. ed., 2013.The Growth of International Business (RLE International Business). Routledge. Christensen, K. and Schneider, B. eds., 2015.Workplace flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce. Cornell University Press. Clapperton, G. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 9 January 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/guyclapperton/2014/05/16/home-working-three-real-problems-and-employer-trust-isnt-one-of-them/#5970236f54ab Coenen, M. and Kok, R.A., 2014. Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules.European Management Journal,32(4), pp.564-576. Coenen, M. and Kok, R.A., 2014. Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules.European Management Journal,32(4), pp.564-576. Den Dulk, L., Groeneveld, S., Ollier-Malaterre, A. and Valcour, M., 2013. National context in work-life research: A multi-level cross-national analysis of the adoption of workplace work-life arrangements in Europe.European Management Journal,31(5), pp.478-494. Felstead, A., 2012. Rapid change or slow evolution? Changing places of work and their consequences in the UK.Journal of Transport Geography,21, pp.31-38. Gilson, N.D., Suppini, A., Ryde, G.C., Brown, H.E. and Brown, W.J., 2012. Does the use of standing hotdesks change sedentary work time in an open plan office?.Preventive medicine,54(1), pp.65-67. Klein, V. and Myrdal, A., 2013.Women's two roles: Home and work. Routledge. Kruse, K. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 9 January 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2012/12/18/benefits-working-from-home/#7ef5f6871d4c Putnam, L.L. and Mumby, D.K. eds., 2013.The SAGE handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods. Sage Publications. Slaughter, A.M., 2015.Why women still can't have it all(p. 100). OneWorld. Strobbe, M., Van Laere, O., Ongenae, F., Dauwe, S., Dhoedt, B., De Turck, F., Demeester, P. and Luyten, K., 2012. Novel applications integrate location and context information.IEEE Pervasive Computing,11(2), pp.64-73. Sturges, J., 2012. Crafting a balance between work and home.Human Relations,65(12), pp.1539-1559. Susman, A. (2018).What's a Stand-Up Meeting and Why Is It Beneficial?. [online] HuffPost. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/aron-susman/whats-a-stand-up-meeting-_b_5915958.html [Accessed 10 Jan. 2018]. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wild, J.J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014.International business. Pearson Education Limited.

It Project Management

Question: Discuss about the It Project Management. Answer Introduction: Project Methodology: The project management methodology refers to the complete process that includes initiation, planning, execution and closure (Kerzner, 2013). There are several methodologies from which a single one has to be chosen by the project manager. The chosen methodology serves as a model for the project. The selection of the methodology is based completely on the characteristics of the project. Role of Methodology in Project Management: The roles of the methodologies in the project management are as following. It allows the project managers to run the project systematically, effectively, efficiently and comprehensively (Schwalbe, 2015). It provides confidence to the clients, senior manager, partners and many others that large projects can be delivered with profit by the organization. Through following each step of the methodology the project manager can run any undertaken project successfully (Kerzner, 2013). The Project Management Methodologies: PMBOK: There are confusions that it is a true project management methodology. Though there are some organizations that make use of the PMBOK for managing the projects (Karaman, Kurt, 2015). The methodology consists of five stages such as initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing. These groups are agreed upon by the Project Management Institute or PMI. Prince 2: It can be also said as the ProjectsinControlledEnvironments. This methodology is processed based. According to the Prince 2 methodology every project must contain some basic protocols such as a controlled and organized initiation, middle and end (Saad et al., 2014). SDLC: SDLC or software development life cycle is a process of altering or developing an application (Ahmed, Forster Dandekar, 2013). The methodology consists of some predefined planned actions. Waterfall: The model is the first one to be introduced in the industry. It can be also referred to as the linear-sequential life cycle model (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). Before jumping on to the next phase the project manager must carefully complete the current process as there is no way to get back to the previous process. Agile: Agile is a software development life cycle model. The agile gives most priority to the requirements of the project (Ahmed, Forster Dandekar, 2013). If a project is being developed with the guidance of agile then any change of scope can be incorporated in the project. Waterfall Vs. Agile: Item Waterfall Agile Definition This is a sequential design process. It is an iterative as well as team-based development. Requirement gathering The requirements have to be collected at the planning phase (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). Supports change of requirements. One process to another 1. The project manager can go to the next process only if the current process is completed (Grogan Kennedy, 2013). 2 Going back to previous process are not possible. 1. The project manager can go back to the previous process as it supports change of requirements. Change of requirement Does not support this option. If found any change of requirement of scope then the project has to started from the beginning. Supports the change of scope or requirement (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). Domain Software development life cycle Software development life cycle Methodologies and Processes Relate to the Project Life Cycle: Waterfall Model: Figure 1: Waterfall Model Processes (Source: Grogan Kennedy, 2013) Requirement collecting and analysis: The potential requirements of the project have to be collected and documented in this project. The documentation is done in specific document, the requirement specification document. System Design: The system design is conducted on the basis of the requirements that have been collected in the previous phase (Grogan Kennedy, 2013). Implementation: According to the designed system small units of the project will be developed. The integration of the units will be carried out in the next stage. Integration and Testing: At first, the testing of the distinct units is done. After the units successfully pass the testing they are integrated (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). Deployment of system: After the completion of the functional and non-functional testing the deployment is done in the consumer environment. Maintenance: As the consumer can face issues after using the system, the maintenance is provided to make the system up and running all the time. Agile: Planning: In this phase the planning of the outline of the process is carried out. Requirement analysis: The functional and non-functional requirements are gathered and examined in this phase. Design: The design is designed according to the analyzed requirement (Grogan Kennedy, 2013). Development: The system is developed on the agreed upon requirements. Testing: Testing of the developed system is carried out. Deploying: The system is deployed to the consumer server. The processes are carried out after receiving new requirements. Each of the complete phase is called integration. References: Ahmed, Z., Helfrich-Forster, C., Dandekar, T. (2013). Integrating Formal UML Designs and HCI Patterns with Spiral SDLC in DroLIGHT Implementation.Recent Patents on Computer Science,6(2), 85-98. Balaji, S., Murugaiyan, M. S. (2012). Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC.International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management,2(1), 26-30. Drury-Grogan, M. L., Kennedy, D. M. (2013). Highlighting Communication Activities and Inefficiencies Between Agile vs. Waterfall Methods: An Agent Based Model of Knowledge Sharing. In8th Pre-ICIS International Research Workshop on Information Technology Project Management (IRWITPM 2013)(p. 46). Karaman, E., Kurt, M. (2015). Comparison of project management methodologies: prince 2 versus PMBOK for it projects.International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Research,4(4), 572-579. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. Saad, S., Ibrahim, A., Asma, O., Khan, M. S., Akhter, J. (2014). PRINCE2 MEthodology: AN INNovAtIvE WAy foR IMPRovINg PERfoRMANCE of MAlAysIAN AutoMotIvE INdustRy.The Journal of Technology Management and Technopreneurship (JTMT),1(1). Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.